"Land linked not Land locked" Zambia’s Transport & logistics potential
So
first the bad news, freight and logistics companies in Zambia are steering
their way through what is being described as a “perfect storm” of events and
factors outside of their control. Including the global decline in commodity
prices, a 60 percent drop in the value of the kwacha against a basket of
currencies, drought, and energy cuts of up to eight hours a all day adding up
to Zambia’s worst economic crisis in over 10 years, according to African
Economic Outlook 2017 published by the African Development Bank.
Most
affected has been cargo as most of the mines have cut back on investment. With
Zambia’s reliance on copper only adding strength to the storm. According to a
World Bank analysis, Zambia is one country that will not gain from China’s
switch to a more consumption-based growth model. And so will need to focus more
on agricultural exports as demand for food is expected to increase in China as
imports of commodities drop.
As
a result, Zambia’s ranking in the World Bank’s “Doing Business” report has
declined from 91st in 2015 to 97th in 2017. Importantly from a logistics
perspective is that it declined by 42 places in the “trading across borders”
category – from 110 to 152 worldwide.
In
spite of the somewhat unfavourable macroeconomic backdrop it is not all doom
and gloom. As Zambia’s geographical location makes it a natural transport hub
and transit-point within the sub-Saharan region. With a 12 million population,
Zambia may be considered a small market but the geo-graphic accident of having
to share borders with eight other countries gives it the advantage of serving
as a transit and access point to these countries’ population of over 170
million.
This
strategic, land-linked position provides a unique opportunity for Zambia to
benefit from the fluid movement of goods and people within the sub-region,
already linked through road and rail networks. Being a member of the Common
Market of East and South Africa (COMESA) and the South African Development
Community (SADC), Zambia not only benefits from these groups’ preferential
tariff schemes, but more importantly, from the various sub-regional
infrastructure development projects that are being implemented through these
trade groups.
These
projects, including the North- South Corridor2, which means to link the port of
Dar es Salaam to the Copperbelt and the Copperbelt to the southern ports of
South Africa will notably enhance access into the country and the country’s
access to its neighbours as transport, transit and customs requirements are
eased along with the presence of better road and rail networks.
Zambia
also enjoys access to the African Great Lakes through the port town of Mpulungu
on the southern shore of Lake Tanganyika. And plans to connect the port to the
Zambian rail network. Whilst improving road networks to Mozambique and Angola
to extend access to the markets and ports within these countries.
For
years Zambia having seen its lack of linkage to coastal areas as a disadvantage
in terms of its international trade. But it is hoped that this will change
markedly by 2030 as the country, attempts to leverage its competitive advantage
in trade via its geographic position and by those who see Zambia’s central
situation in southern and central Africa as a blessing in disguise and with a
government who firmly view the country as ‘land-linked’, as opposed to being
‘land-locked’.
With
a large number of ongoing roads and railway projects on the drawing board,
Zambia’s government is working overtime to make these land links a concrete
reality into all of Zambia’s eight neighbours beyond the country’s borders. The
Ministry of Transport and Communication having crafted a new transport policy
aimed at transforming Zambia into a regional transport hub with Zambia well
positioned to leverage these inherent trade and investment advantages.
If
these plans comes to fruition, all major players in the various transport
sub-sectors and industry stand poised to gain from the 600 million people in
the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African
Development Community (SADC) and the Great Lakes region all within a radius of
2,000 kilometres.
Minister
of Transport and Communication Brian Mushimba has declared that government will
ensure that Zambia becomes a regional transport and business investment nerve
centre saying, “Zambia ought to exploit its geographical vantage point by
creating a regional hub suitable for all forms of investment considering that its
centrality taps into COMESA, SADC and the Great Lakes region which account for
over 600 million people. Now that’s a ready market for many businesses in the
area.”
Regarded
a haven of political stability, a centrally located land-linked Zambia offers a
triangulation of excellent transit routes to sea ports in east Africa,
south-west Africa and South Africa. With several regional transport corridors
traversing from north to south and east to west and vice versa.
Prospective
investors in different economic sectors therefore have a great deal to gain
from transporting and marketing produce to major regional markets.
In
its quest to transform Zambia into a regional hub, the Ministry of Transport
and Communication is also completing the National Transport Policy designed to
promote sustainable development across all modes of transport. Having reached
an advanced stage in developing its National Transport Master Plan and the
National Communications Master Plan. Both aimed at asserting and defining the
path to an efficient and integrated transport and communications future of the
country.
Zambia
has over the last several years embarked on major infrastructural development
projects such as the Link-Zambia 8000 project - targeting the upgrading and construction
of inter-district roads, the upgrading of airports, railway and maritime
transport all with a goal to land link the entirety of Zambia. Whilst
continuing to implement the Link Zambia 8000 project, which has covered 3,700
kilometre of road construction and improvement.
In
partnership with transit countries Zambia is also collaborating to develop
transport corridors such as the Nacala Road Corridor linking Zambia, Zimbabwe
and Mozambique to the Indian Ocean, the Lobito Corridor linking Zambia to the
Atlantic Ocean through the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Angola, the
Walvis Bay Corridor linking Zambia and DRC to the Atlantic Ocean through
Namibia, the Dar-es-salaam Road Corridor and the Tazara Railway Corridor
linking Zambia to the Indian Ocean through Tanzania. Finally, implementing the
Lusaka 400 and Copperbelt 400 road projects will also help to ease the
congestion of traffic and drive to a much more efficient transportation of
goods and services.
In
the aviation sector meanwhile the Ministry of Transport and Communication are
also looking at re-establishing the national airline – Zambia Airways- through
partnerships with other countries or airlines willing to grant favourable terms
and conditions and developing and aviation strategy designed to reclaim its
status of as preferred tourism destination in Africa.
Having
slumped to 116th in the world, 16th in Africa and number nine in sub-Saharan
Africa as a preferred destination, a situation that could be attributed to
flight encumbrances and the prohibitive cost of getting there. If Zambia
emerges as a regional transport and business hub, it's also likely to become a
preferred tourism destination, given that natural attractions abound including
pristine landscape and diverse wildlife and game reserves with over 3,000
different species in the ecosystem. Once the new Kenneth Kaunda and Copperbelt
international airports are completed, it is hoped Zambia will gain added
passenger and cargo airlines by having convenient and efficient transit
services to all major regional destinations.
Zambia’s
Railway Development Strategy also has plans to create a railway network that
should transform the rail sub-sector into a preferred workable and effective
mode of transport. With a new strategy aimed at making railway transport more
cost-effective and the preferred mode of transporting cargo. Minister Mushimba
having said the Zambian government has invested in modernising, expanding and
rehabilitating the Zambia Railways limited infrastructure and machinery,
including rolling stock, and the TAZARA permanent railway and reconstruction of
the inter-mine railway lines.
The
Zambian government has also embarked on developing the Chipata-Petauke-Serenje
railway, to link the country to two regional corridors-Dar es Salaam and
Nacala, and as of last year has signed an engineering and procurement
construction (EPC) contract to the tune of US$2.3 billion with China Civil
Engineering Construction Company (CCECC). Whilst the other major railway
construction project underway is the Chingola-Solwezi-Jimbe line on the border
with Angola by North-Western Railway Company. A US$1.2 billion project aimed at
serving and providing modern alternative copper trade routes of Dar es Salaam
and Durban in South Africa.
On
the drawing board is also the Nseluka-Mpulungu railway on a 192km stretch,
expected to cost US$991 million. A route expected to boost trade in the Great
Lakes region around Lake Tanganyika. With detailed engineering designs for this
project expected to be presented to government imminently. The other upcoming
project is the Livingstone-Kazungula-Katima Mulilo railway. The government
having commissioned a preliminary feasibility study, which shows that, the
200km railway will cost approximatelyUS$824 million. Finally, the Kafue-Lion’s
Den (Zimbabwe) railway line whose feasibility studies are still underway.
On
the maritime front the Zambian government is working on wide scale legislation
and reform of institutional frameworks in the maritime sub-sector. The Ministry
of Transport and Communication seeking to create an in land water transport
authority to drive the water transport development agenda. Mpulungu Port is
under a modernisation programme, with a major infrastructure upgrade on course.
Once completed this will increase volumes of trade and accommodate bigger
transport vessels to ferry people and tourists in and around the Great Lakes
region. Given that in some parts of the country, water transport plays a
pivotal role in the movement of people, cargo, farm produce, farm inputs and
goods and services.
With
the support of the private sector, Zambia intends to transform into a regional
transport hub, a development that could be massive spur to economic growth.
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